How to Pronounce the "ed" at the end of regular verbs ​

The prnounciation of words ending in "ed" depends on the final consonant sound. There are three ways to pronounce "ed" at the end of a work in English.

/d/ ​

If the final sound the words is a voiced consonant or vowel, excpet /d/, then "ed" is pronounced /d/

vowel ​

• /iː/
• /ɪ/: enjoyed, studied
• /e/
• /æ/
• /ɜː/
• /ə/: discovered,
• /ʌ/
• /ɑː/
• /ɒ/
• /ɔː/
• /uː/: continued
• /ʊ/
• /eɪ/: played
• /aɪ/: tried
• /ɔɪ/
• /əʊ/: followed
• /aʊ/
• /ɪə/
• /eə/
• /ʊə/

voiced consonant ​

• /b/: robbed, rubbed,
• /g/:
• /v/: lived, saved, loved,
• /z/: promised, used, amazed, closed,
• /ð/:
• /ʒ/:
• /r/
• /dʒ/: damaged,
• /m/: claimed, climbed,
• /n/: rained, cleaned, opened,
• /ŋ/
• /l/: failed, called, travelled,
• /j/:

/t/ ​

If the last sound of the words ends in a voiceless consonant, excpet /t/, then "ed" is pronounced /t/

voiceless consonant ​

• /p/: helped, jumped
• /k/: cooked, asked, looked, worked, talked, parked,
• /f/: sniffed, laughed,
• /s/: missed, kissed, danced, fixed
• /θ/
• /ʃ/: washed,
• /h/
• /tʃ/: watched, reached,

/id/ ​

If the last sound of the words ends in /d/ or /t/, then "ed" is pronounced /id/

• /d/: decided, needed, avoided, folded
• /t/: started, visited, invited, rented, counted, wanted, waited,