Appearance
English phonetic pronunciation
Vowels
A vowel sound is pronounced with the mouth open and allows the air to flow freely through it from the lungs.
/iː/
- 咧开嘴,漏出牙齿
- 舌尖抵制下齿内侧
- 舌头、脖颈有发力感
- 声带震动
Example
- he - me - be - steve
- eat - sea - seat - eagle - dream
- see -week- agree - sheep - keep - freeze
- piece - thief - chief - field
/ɪ/
- 口腔放松,嘴微张(上下齿,自然分开)
- 舌尖轻触下齿内侧
- 气流从嗓子眼挤出,短促有力
- 小腹有发力感
- 声带震动
Example
- sit - fish - live - ship - chip - swim
- family - slowly - bicycle
- ticket - delay - escape
/e/
- 嘴角轻扯
- 上下齿,自然分离(大约1个手指的空间)
- 舌尖轻抵下齿 (发音靠前)
- 舌头, 脖颈放松
- 声带振动
Example
- egg - bed - red -best - friend - west
- head - bread - heavy - dead
/æ/
- 咧开嘴,扯到极限
- 上下齿,夸张分离(大约三个手指的空间)
- 舌尖,抵住下齿
- 舌头,脖颈紧张
- 声带振动
Example
- dad - hat - glad - pack - bag - black - hand - cat - sat - apple
/ɜː/
- 嘴唇放松,正常宽度(上下齿,自然分开)
- 舌中部带动舌尖略向后缩
- 牙齿,下颚用力
- 声带振动
Example
- nervous - serve
- sir - skirt - bird
- fur - nurse - hurt - urgent
- work - worm
- earth - early
/ə/
- 嘴唇放松,嘴微张
- 舌身放平
- 口部肌肉和舌头放松
- 声带振动
- 声音短且弱,有弹跳感
Example
- arrive - banana - about - popular
- open - driver - the - teacher
- actor - today - police - favourite - season
- support - suggest - autumn
/ʌ/
- 嘴唇放松
- 嘴微张(大下齿大约一个手指的开合度)
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发”啊”音
- 口腔肌肉和舌头放松
- 声带振动
- 声音短且有力,有弹跳感
Example
- love - mother - come - money - brother
- number - hurry - but - cut - just - fun - uncle
/ɑː/
- 嘴唇放松,横向保持正常宽度
- 口腔上下垂直打开(上下齿大约三个手指的开合度)
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发“啊”音
- 声带振动
- 发生有吟诵感
Example
- arm - star - party - car - park - large - bar
/ɒ/
- 嘴唇放松,横向保持正常宽度
- 口腔上下垂直打开 (上下齿大约2个手指的开合度)
- 舌根向后缩
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发“凹”音
- 声带振动
- 声音短促有力
Example
- hot - nod - body - not - dog - clock - stop
- want - wash - wallet - what
/ɔː/
- 嘴唇向内收圆
- 口腔内上下垂直打开,下颚向下拉 (想象口腔内含住一个鸡蛋的感觉)
- 舌根向后缩,舌面下压
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发”哦”音
- 声带振动
Example
- soar - roar - board
- door - floor - moor
- more - store - before
- law - draw - awful - saw
- cause - august - taught - paul
- nor - order - border
/uː/
- 嘴唇向前撅起,紧绷呈圆形
- 口腔内上下垂直打开,下颚向下拉
- 舌根向后缩,舌尖离开下齿内侧
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发”呜”音
- 声带振动
Example
- lose - prove - movie
- ruler - rule - pollute - blue - suit
- food - noon - pool - moon - cool
/ʊ/
- 口腔横向呈正常宽度
- 双唇轻微发力,小幅度向前凸起 (双唇间留出扁平缝隙)
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发”呜”音
- 声带振动
Example
- put - push - bull - full
- cook - look - took - good - book
- could - would - should
/eɪ/
/eɪ/ 是 /e/和 /ɪ/两个单元音的组合音
- 嘴角轻扯,上下齿,自然分离(大约1个手指的空间)
- 然后颚部慢慢抬起滑向 /ɪ/音,嘴唇慢慢合上。
- 发音时音量从强到弱,前长后短,前重后轻。
- 声带振动
Example
- cake - face - late - game
- rain - main - train - pain - gain
- day - pay - may - say - play
- eight - neighbour - beige
/aɪ/
/aɪ/ 是 /ɑː/和 /ɪ/两个单元音的组合音
- 嘴唇放松,横向保持正常宽度
- 口腔上下垂直打开 (上下齿大约三个手指的开合度)
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发”啊”音
- 舌头肌肉放松,然后慢慢滑向 /ɪ/音
- 口型由大到小,音量由强到弱,由长到短
- 声带振动
Example
- time - rice - like - fine - tide - mind - alike
- by - cry - fly
- tie - pie - lie
- high - night - flight
/ɔɪ/
/ɔɪ/是/ɔː/和 /ɪ/两个单元音的组合音
- 先发/ɔː/ - 嘴唇向内收圆
- 口腔内上下垂直打开,下颚向下拉(想象口腔内含住一个鸡蛋的感觉)
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发“哦”音
- 整个过程就是从/ɔː/音慢慢滑向 /ɪ/
- 口型由紧而圆变为小而扁,音量由长到短,由强变弱
Example
- boy - joy - toy
- coin - join - voice - point
/əʊ/
/əʊ/是/ə/和/ʊ/两个单元音的组合音
- 嘴唇放松,横向成正常宽度,嘴微张,舌身放平
- 然后很快的滑向 /ʊ/音,发音时,嘴唇微微撅起
- 发音时口型由扁平较大到收圆缩小,音量由强到弱
- 声带振动
Example
- so - go - nose - low - note - roll - stone - old - soldier - gold
- load - coat - boat
- toe - foe - hoe
- low - snow - grow
/aʊ/
/aʊ/ 是 /ɑː/和 /ʊ/两个单元音的组合音
- 咧开嘴,扯到极限
- 口腔上下垂直打开(大约3个手指的空间)
- 然后嘴巴收圆合拢,发音慢慢滑向 /ʊ /
- 发音时口型由大到小,音量由强到弱,由长到短, 由清晰到模糊
- 声带振动
Example
- out - house - mouth - count - our
- cow - how - crowd - down - now
/ɪə/
/ɪə/ 是 /ɪ/和 /ə/两个单元音的组合音
- 首先发 /ɪ/的音,嘴唇扁平,口腔放松,嘴微张
- 然后很快的滑向/ə/音,发音过程中口型始终是半开的
- 发音中口型由小到大,音量由强到弱,由清晰到模糊
- 英式音标中 /ə/要扁平,没有卷舌音; 美式发音单词词尾含有r需卷舌
Example
- ear - hear - near - tear
- here - sere - mere - sincere
- beer - deer - cheer - career
/eə/
/eə/ 是 /e/和 /ə/两个单元音的组合音
- 先发前元音/e/ - 嘴角轻扯,上下齿自然分离(大约1个手指的空间)
- 然后很快滑向 /ə /音,发音过程中双唇半开
- 口型由大到小,音量由强到弱
- 英式发音发/ə /的时候不卷舌, 美式发音单词词尾含有r需卷舌。
Example
- care - pare - dare
- air - hair - repair - unfair - affair
- wear - bear - pear
/ʊə/
/ʊə/是/ʊ/和 /ə/两个单元音的组合音
- 首先发/ʊ/的音:嘴唇横向呈正常宽度,双唇轻微发力,小幅度向前凸起
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发“呜”音。
- 然后慢慢滑向 /ə/的音
- 发音时气息前长后短,音量由强变弱
- 英式发音发/ə/的时候不卷舌, 美式发音单词词尾含有r需卷舌。
Example
- poor - boor - moor
- tour detour - tourist your
- sure - cure - ensure
Consonants
A consonant sound is pronounced with some type of constriction of the flow of air that involves either the lips or the tongue.
/p/ /b/
- 紧闭双唇,阻止气流流出
- 突然分开双唇,气流冲出口腔,气流受嘴唇阻碍被爆破
- /p/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流流出
- /b/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /p/:
- pig pen cup keep jump practice perfect
- supper happen apply hopping
Example - /b/:
- bus - herb - bride - ball - best
- rubbish - hobby - rubber
/t/ /d/
- 嘴微张,舌尖轻触上齿龈内侧,憋住气
- 舌尖离开上齿龈内侧,向下沉;使气流冲出口腔,形成爆破音
- /t/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流送出
- /d/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /t/
- tea - time - today - table - waste - time
- little - better - butter
Example - /d/
- desk - dear - date - dog - did - do
- sudden - middle - odd
/k/ /g/
- 嘴微张,舌根部上抬,贴住软腭,障碍气流通过
- 舌根部离开软腭,使气流冲出口腔,形成爆破音
- /k/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流送出
- /g/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /k/
- cafe - cake - case - car - company
- keep - kid - kind - key
- chasm - ache - anchor
- lock - cock - clock - uck
Example - /g/
- game - girl - great - green - hug - grandma - gave - guest
- beggar - swagger - luggage - egg
- catalogue - rogue - league
- ghost
/f/ /v/
- 双唇微张,上齿轻触下唇
- 口腔中的气流从唇齿间的缝隙流出
- /f/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流送出
- /v/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /f/
- five - life - face - fire - fresh - fruit
- offer - off - office
- photo - phone - alpha
- laugh - cough - enough - phone
Example - /d/
- drive - video - visit - leave
/s/ /z/
- 嘴唇微张
- 将舌前端抬起,靠近上齿龈内侧,但不要贴住
- 口腔中的气流由舌尖与齿龈之间的缝隙中流出,伴有“嘶嘶”声
- /s/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流送出
- /z/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /s/
- sea - say - smile - see - sky
- ice - city - nice - city
- pass - lesson - mass
- science - scene - scent
Example - /z/
- is - nose - rose
- zoo - zap - zero - zipper
/θ/ /ð/
- 舌尖置于上下齿之间,舌身放平
- 气流由舌尖和牙齿之间的缝隙泻出
- /θ/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流送出
- /ð/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /θ/
- tooth - booth - health - breath
Example - /ð/
- father - weather - feather - the
/ʃ/ /ʒ/
- 双唇略微向前突出,呈扁平状
- 舌前端抬起,靠近齿龈后部,但不要贴住
- 舌中部抬起,贴近上腭中部,形成狭长的通道,气流通过通道时摩擦
- /ʃ/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流送出
- /ʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /ʃ/
- wish - ship - shut - shop - dish
- sure - sugar - pressure
Example - /ʒ/
- vision - collision - decision - television
- pleasure - measure - casual - visual - leisure
- garage - rouge - corsage
/r/
- 双唇撅起收圆
- 舌尖卷起,靠近上颚中部
- 气流通过舌尖及口腔形成轻微的摩擦
- /r/是浊辅音,声带振动
Example
- rose - rise - radio - right - red - car - are - free
- sorry - ferry - arrive - berry - tomorrow
- write - wrist - wrap - wrong
/h/
- 嘴唇横向呈正常宽度
- 嘴巴微张,让气流自由流出
- 舌头放松,平躺于口腔内
- 保持口腔姿势不变,发“喝”音(只有气息)
- /h /是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流流出
Example
- him - high - hill - house - hungry - help
/tʃ/ /dʒ/
- 嘴微张,舌尖轻触上齿龈内侧,做好发/t/音的嘴型,憋住气
- 舌尖离开上齿龈内侧,向下沉,转向发/ʃ/的音; 使气流冲出口腔
- /tʃ/是清辅音,声带不振动,只有气流流出
- /dʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动,但送气力量很弱
Example - /tʃ/
- chick - china - chase - chitchat
- catch - kitchen - match - itch
Example - /dʒ/
- job - joke - just
- page - cage - danger
- edge - bridge - fridge - fudge - badge
/m/
- 双唇闭拢,舌头自然放平
- 气流从鼻腔流出,鼻腔振动,声带振动
- /m/是浊辅音,声带振动
Example
- make - most - magic - man - minor - mistake
- summer - common - grammar
- scream - cream
/n/
- 双唇微张
- 舌尖抵住上齿龈内侧
- 气流从鼻腔出来,鼻腔振动,声带振动
- /n/是浊辅音,声带振动
Example
- line - nine - sun - run - down - in - mind
- sunny - funny - dinner
- design - sign - foreign
/ŋ/
- 双唇分离,牙床上下打开
- 舌根部上抬,贴出软腭,阻止气流从口腔流出
- 气流从口腔出来,鼻腔振动,声带振动
- /ŋ/是浊辅音,声带振动
Example
- think - thank - pink
- sing - spring - ring - warming - bring - charming - thing
/l/
出现在词首,或其后紧跟元音时:
- 双唇微张,上下齿自然分离
- 舌尖上抬,抵住上齿龈内侧
- 舌面前侧高,后侧低
- 发声时,舌尖离开上齿内侧,气流泻出
- /l/是浊辅音,声带振动
- 声音清晰
出现在音节结尾时:
- 双唇微张,上下齿自然分离
- 舌尖上抬,抵住上齿龈内侧
- 发声时,舌根部后缩
- 气流从舌的两侧泻出
- 做好嘴形,朝着“呃”的方法发生
- /l/是浊辅音,声带振动
- 声音含糊
Example
- life - lady - lion - light - little
- wall - well - hill - pill - ill
- milk
/j/
- 嘴角两侧略向两边伸展,使嘴唇呈扁平状
- 舌前部向硬腭抬起,但不触碰
- 气流从舌和硬腭的间隙间通过,同时声带振动,发音短促
- /j/是半元音,发音口型和元音/iː/很相似,但/j/仍然是个辅音,元音可以单独成音可延长,半元音不可单独成音,不可延长
- /j/是浊辅音,声带振动
Example
- you - yes - yoga - year - yellow - yell
- million - billion - rebellion - onion
- use - student - attitude
/w/
- 双唇收圆,向前突出
- 舌后部向软腭抬起,但不触碰
- 气流从双唇间摩擦而过,同时声带需振动,发音短粗
- /w/是半元音,和元音/uː/很相似,但元音可以单独成音可延长,半元音不可单独成音,不可延长
Example
- win - wine - window - away - will - way
- white - while - when - where